Electrophysiological Methods in Biological Research【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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Preface9

Introduction11

CHAPTER Ⅰ Theoretical basis of electrophysiological phenomena＆(by J．Bures)15

A．Some fundamentals of electrochemistry15

B．The membrane theory of bioelectric phenomena23

CHAPTER Ⅱ Electrophysiological apparatus and technique＆(by M．Petrán)30

Introduction30

Stimulation technique31

Physical effect of the stimulus on the tissue31

Physical characteristics of the stimulus33

Main requirement for a stimulator35

Kinds of stimuli35

Harmonic voltage35

Nonharmonic voltage39

Stimulators45

Mechanical stimulators45

Transformers47

Electronic stimulators50

Generators of harmonic oscillations51

Generators of nonharmonic oscillations55

Blocking oscillator66

Glow-discharge and thyratron oscǐllators70

Pulse shaping circuits76

Limiters81

Assembling a stimulator86

Recording technique91

The fundamental characteristics of signals and their sources91

Recording apparatus92

Amplifiers94

Valves94

Some interference phenomena in amplifiers98

Noise．Microphony98

Elements of A．C．voltage amplifiers101

Power amplifiers and impedance transformers108

Electrometric amplifiers108

Cathode follower109

D．C．Amplifiers116

Amplifying D．C．voltages with A．C．amplifiers121

Recording devices123

Moving coil,moving magnet and moving iron instruments．Capillary electrometer,string galvanometer,piezoelectric electrometer．Cathode-ray tube126

Cathode-ray oscilloscope．Amplitude calibration and time marking128

Mechanical and photographic recording135

Simultaneous recording of electrical and non-electrical quantities140

Location of faults and interferences143

Faults143

Interferences147

Electrodes158

CHAPTER Ⅲ General electrophysiology of cells and tissues＆(by J．Bures)166

A．Electric potentials of cells166

B．Electric potentials of tissues175

C．Electric phenomena in plants186

D．Electric polarity in the animal organism195

CHAPTER Ⅳ Electrophysiology of isolated excitable structures in vitro＆(by J．Zachar)199

A．Electrical manifestation of a nervous impulse199

B．Propagation of nervous impulses214

C．The initiation of nerve impulses229

D．Recovery processes following a nerve impulse245

E．Electrophysiology of the isolated skeletal muscle252

F．Neuromuscular transmission in skeletal muscle255

G．Synaptic transmission in a sympathetic ganglion267

CHAPTER Ⅴ Electrophysiology of peripheral excitable structures in situ＆(by J．Zachar)276

CHAPTER Ⅵ Electrophysiology of receptors＆(by J．Zachar)290

A．Models of sensory organs290

B．Impulse activity in sensory nerve fibres293

C．Receptor potentials297

CHAPTER Ⅶ Electrophysiology of the spinal cord＆(by J．Zachar)306

CHAPTER Ⅷ Electrophysiology of the cerebral cortex＆(by J．Bures)320

A．Electroencephalography and electrocorticography in general320

B．Spontaneous EEG and ECoG in animals325

C．Spontaneous EEG during anesthesia330

D．Cortical primary responses335

E．Responses of the cerebral cortex to direct electrical stimulation350

F．Mapping of nervous pathways in the central nervous system using neuronography355

G．Depth recording in the cerebral cortex362

H．Antidromic and orthodromic stimulation of pyramidal paths366

I．Steady potentials and impedance of the cerebral cortex371

J．Spreading depression376

K．Theoretical basis of recording electric potentials in a volume conductor386

CHAPTER Ⅸ Electrophysiology of subcortical structures＆(by J．Bures)392

A．The stereotaxic method392

B．Primary responses in the subcortical centres of afferent systems399

C．Electric activity of the cerebellum404

D．Nonspecific subcortical influences on the cerebral cortex409

E．Electrical activity of the hippocampus414

F．Electrophysiological signs of an epileptic seizure419

Appendix Ⅰ Stereotaxic atlases for the cat,rabbit and ret＆(by E．Fifková and J．Marsala,Institute of Anatomy,Charles＇ university,Prague)426

References468

Author index493

Subject index501